Network Topology

 Network Topology refers to the arrangement of different elements (links, nodes, etc.) in a computer network. It defines how devices are connected and how data flows between them.

There are two main types of network topology:

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1. Physical Topology

• Describes the physical layout of cables, devices, and other network components.

2. Logical Topology

• Describes the path that data travels regardless of the physical layout.

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🔗 Common Types of Network Topologies:

 

1. Bus Topology

• Structure: All devices are connected to a single backbone cable.
• Pros: Easy to install, requires less cable.
• Cons: Difficult to troubleshoot, not scalable.

2. Star Topology

• Structure: All devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Pros: Easy to manage, isolate problems easily.
• Cons: Hub is a single point of failure.

3. Ring Topology

• Structure: Each device connects to two others, forming a circular path.
• Pros: Data flows in one direction, reducing collisions.
• Cons: Failure in one device can affect the whole network.

4. Mesh Topology

• Structure: Each device connects to every other device.
• Pros: High redundancy and reliability.
• Cons: Expensive, complex to set up.

5. Tree Topology

• Structure: A combination of star and bus topologies in a hierarchical manner.
• Pros: Scalable and structured.
• Cons: If the backbone fails, the whole network can go down.

6. Hybrid Topology

• Structure: A mix of two or more topologies.
• Pros: Flexible and scalable.
• Cons: Can be complex and expensive.

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🔍 Example Diagram (Text-Based)

Star Topology:
       [PC1]
         |
[PC2]—[Switch]—[PC3]
         |
       [PC4]