Tuesday, July 8, 2025

Basic components of computer system

Let’s understand basic components of a computer system in a simple way.

A computer system mainly has five basic components:


💻 1. Input Unit

  • Used to enter data and instructions into the computer.
  • Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.

🧮 2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

  • Called the brain of the computer.
  • Responsible for processing data.
  • Has two main parts:
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logical operations.
    • Control Unit (CU): Controls and directs the operations of all other parts.

💾 3. Memory / Storage Unit

  • Stores data, instructions, and results temporarily or permanently.
  • Types:
    • Primary memory: RAM, ROM.
    • Secondary memory: Hard disk, SSD, CD/DVD, pen drive.

🖨️ 4. Output Unit

  • Shows the processed information to the user.
  • Examples: Monitor, printer, speakers.

🔌 5. System Interconnections (Buses)

  • Connects all internal components together.
  • Transfers data and control signals between them.

Summary Diagram

[ Input Unit ] --> [ CPU (ALU + CU) ] <--> [ Memory ]
                        |
                 [ Output Unit ]

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