Basic components of computer system

Let’s understand basic components of a computer system in a simple way.

A computer system mainly has five basic components:

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💻 1. Input Unit

• Used to enter data and instructions into the computer.
• Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.

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🧮 2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Called the brain of the computer.
• Responsible for processing data.
• Has two main parts:
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs calculations and logical operations.
  • Control Unit (CU): Controls and directs the operations of all other parts.

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💾 3. Memory / Storage Unit

• Stores data, instructions, and results temporarily or permanently.
• Types:
  • Primary memory: RAM, ROM.
  • Secondary memory: Hard disk, SSD, CD/DVD, pen drive.

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🖨️ 4. Output Unit

• Shows the processed information to the user.
• Examples: Monitor, printer, speakers.

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🔌 5. System Interconnections (Buses)

• Connects all internal components together.
• Transfers data and control signals between them.

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Summary Diagram

[ Input Unit ] --> [ CPU (ALU + CU) ] <--> [ Memory ]
                        |
                 [ Output Unit ]

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