Here are the basic concepts of networking explained simply:
🔗 What is Networking?
Networking is the process of connecting two or more computers or devices to share resources, data, and applications.
📚 Basic Networking Concepts
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Network Types
- LAN (Local Area Network): Connects devices in a small area (e.g., office, home).
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographical areas (e.g., the internet).
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or a large campus.
- PAN (Personal Area Network): Very short-range (e.g., Bluetooth between phone and earphones).
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Network Devices
- Router: Connects different networks (e.g., home to the internet).
- Switch: Connects devices within a LAN.
- Hub: Like a basic switch, but sends data to all devices.
- Modem: Converts digital data to analog for internet access.
- Access Point: Provides wireless access (Wi-Fi) to a network.
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IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
- A unique number assigned to every device on a network.
- Example:
192.168.1.1 - Two types:
- IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
- IPv6 (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)
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MAC Address
- Unique hardware address of a device's network card.
- Example:
00:0a:95:9d:68:16
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Protocol
- Rules for communication between devices.
- Common protocols:
- HTTP/HTTPS: Web browsing
- FTP: File transfer
- TCP/IP: Basic internet protocol suite
- DNS: Converts domain names to IP addresses
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Client-Server Model
- Client requests services (e.g., a browser).
- Server provides services (e.g., a web server).
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Bandwidth and Latency
- Bandwidth: Data transfer capacity (e.g., Mbps).
- Latency: Delay in communication (measured in milliseconds).
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Firewall
- A security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic.
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DNS (Domain Name System)
- Translates domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.
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VPN (Virtual Private Network)
- Secure connection over the internet to protect data and privacy.
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