Computer IPO Cycle

The Computer IPO (Input-Process-Output) Cycle is a fundamental model used to describe how a computer system works. It outlines the basic steps involved in data processing:

1. Input

This is the first stage where data is entered into the computer system. Input can come from various devices like:

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Microphone
• Sensors

2. Process

In this stage, the central processing unit (CPU) takes the input data and performs operations on it. These operations may include:

• Calculations
• Comparisons
• Data transformations
• Logical decisions

3. Output

This is the result of the processing. The processed data is sent to output devices like:

• Monitor (display)
• Printer
• Speakers
• Projectors

4. Storage (Sometimes added as a 4th component)

Many models add storage to the IPO cycle to show how data and results can be saved for future use. Storage devices include:

• Hard drives
• SSDs
• USB drives
• Cloud storage

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Example: If you're writing a document:

• Input: Typing on a keyboard
• Process: Word processor formats text
• Output: Text appears on the screen
• Storage: Saving the file to your computer